摘 要：河流能够维持自然生态系统的正常运行，也能提供社会经济、能源等各种需要，拥有诸多功能为人类提供淡水供应、净化环境、提供水能、维持物质生产、保持生物多样性、休闲娱乐和培育文化底蕴等。但随着愈来愈频繁的人类活动，河流功能退化、水体富营养化等水环境问题日益显现，河流健康问题逐步成为人们关心的焦点问题。通过搜集国内外河流健康评价指标体系研究发展的状况，了解到国外有较为成熟的RBP、ISC、GRS、RCE等多种评价方法，而我国幅员辽阔常以多指标体系为主要研究方法。根据进行中外健康河流评价方法的比较，根据河流水文、河流形态、水体理化参数等层面构建了河流健康评价指标体系，运用层次分析法对河流水系统进行健康评价。
Abstract：Rivers can maintain the normal operation of natural ecosystems, it can also provide community economy, energy and other needs, it have many functions to provide freshwater supply for humans, clean environment, provide water energy, maintain material production, maintain biopersity, recreation and Cultivate cultural heritage and so on. However, with more and more frequent human activities, degradation of river functions and eutrophication of water bodies have become increasingly apparent. River health problems have gradually become the focus of people's concerns. By collecting the research status of river health evaluation index system both at home and abroad, we have learned that there are many mature evaluation methods such as RBP, ISC, GRS, and RCE in foreign countries, and China has a large number of index systems as its main research method. According to the comparison of the evaluation method of the Chinese and foreign healthy rivers , the evaluation index system of river health is constructed according to the river hydrology, river morphology and the physical and chemical parameters of the water body, and the health evaluation of the river water system is carried out by using the analytic hierarchy
process.
关键词：河流； 健康； 评价体系； 层次分析法
Key words：river； health； evaluation system； analytic hierarchy process
目 录
1.引言 1
2.国内外河流健康评价体系 3
2.1国外河流健康评价体系 3
2.2我国河流健康评价体系 5
2.2.1指示物种评价法 5
2.2.2多指标评价法 6
3.河流健康评价体系的建立 6
3.1评价指标体系构建 6
3.2评价指标体系的评分标准 7
3.3综合评价方法 9
4.讨论与展望 9
参考文献 11
致谢 13
1.引言
河流在自然界中发挥着非常巨大的作用，它维持了地球生物系统间物质的循环、气候的调节、能量的流动、生态环境的改善、生物多样性的维持和信息的交流，是生态系统不可或缺的一部分。河流为人类的生产和生活提供了重要的能量。但随着全球化经济的快速增长，全世界人口的快速上升，工农业的大力快速发展，生产污水和生活污水的大量排放，对河流健康带来了巨大的挑战，河流污染日益严重。此外，随着人们的生产和生活用水量的需求迅速增长，河流的功能退化造成了人类对河流的服务功能供不应求。这表明在不久的将来，水资源将引发社会可持续发展中的一系列问题，对社会的安全带来严重的威胁，水资源将成为人类生存和发展的重大危机[1]。 中外健康河流评价方法比较研究:http://www.chuibin.com/huaxue/lunwen_206579.html