摘要：自铁路车辆问世以来，轨道交通便得到了极大的发展，在我们人类世界中也占据着越来越重要的位置。它以运量大，速度快，轻捷方便等迅速的抢占了各种交通运输在我们生活中所占有的比重。我们都知道在轨道交通系统中，钢轨和车轮都是最基本也是最重要的组成部件，随着科技和铁路行业的发展，一种更加优越的钢轨出现在了我们的世界中，也成为了我们最优的选择，那就是无缝钢轨。这是铁路现代化发展的一个重要标志，现在全世界各个国都在普遍的采用无缝钢轨线路。但是由于无缝钢轨线路中的钢轨很长，在夏天时天气十分燥热，会使钢轨处于一个高温的环境当中，就会受到一个很大温度压力，但是因为这种钢轨非常的长，而且钢轨都被固定在了轨枕上面，所以这个温度压力等不得一个释放的机会，当这个温度应力达到一定的程度时就会对钢轨的形状变化产生影响，从而导致钢轨发生形变，严重时钢轨甚至会脱离原轨道。当冬天时天气寒冷，钢轨便会受到很大的温度拉应力，严重时甚至会使轨道较细的地方断裂。同时车轮也会受到很大的温度应力，导致车轮炸裂，车轮变形也会导致列车脱轨等一系列的重大交通事故。在火车的运行过程中如果钢轨或车轮出现变形或断裂等问题时都会发生非常严重的交通事故，比如列车脱轨，侧翻等。而且在列车运行时车轮与钢轨间的相互摩擦也会产生非常大的温度应力，对铁路运输也是一个非常大的安全隐患。因此我们就需要对轨道路线上的轮轨温度应力进行准确有效的实时监测，根据监测的实时温度应力变化来推测出可能发生故障的车轮与钢轨进行故障确定，并根据相应的危急情况采取更加合理的措施。因为列车是在运行当中产生了温度的变化，这不便于我们的检测，而且因为列车车轮在运行当中是十分重要的，所以我们在检测时只能选用对其运行没有影响因素的检测手段。在列车轮轨温度产生变化的同时，会在其内部产生相对应的热应力，而应力的变化在铁磁性金属的表面磁场变化中得到一个非常直观的体现。而且因为磁信号在传播中是无形存在的也不会对列车的运行产生影响，所以这时金属磁记忆的无损检测方式便是我们最好的选择了。 

关键词：轮轨摩擦；热应力；磁记忆；温升；有限元；耦合；漏磁曲线

Effect of Thermal Environment on Magnetic Memory Signal

Abstract: Since the advent of railway vehicles, rail transit has been greatly developed and has occupied an increasingly important position in our human world. It quickly captures the proportion of all kinds of transportation in our lives with large volumes, fast speeds, and convenience. We all know that in the rail transit system, rails and wheels are the most basic and important components. With the development of science and technology and the railway industry, a more superior rail has appeared in our world and has become ours. The best choice is seamless rails. This is an important symbol of the modernization of railways. Nowadays, all countries in the world are adopting seamless rail lines. However, because the rails in the seamless rail line are very long and the weather is very hot in summer, the rails will be subjected to a high temperature pressure in a high-temperature environment, but because the rails are very long, and the rails are It is fixed on the top of the sleeper, so the temperature and pressure must not be given a chance to release. When the temperature stress reaches a certain degree, it will affect the shape change of the rails, resulting in deformation of the rails. In severe cases, the rails will even be separated from the original. track. When the weather is cold in winter, the rails will be subjected to a great deal of temperature stress, and in severe cases, they will even break at places where the track is thin. At the same time, the wheel will also be subjected to a great deal of temperature stress, causing the wheel to burst, and the deformation of the wheel will also lead to a series of major traffic accidents such as train derailment. During the operation of the train, if the rails or wheels are deformed or broken, a very serious traffic accident occurs, such as train derailment and rollover. Moreover, the friction between the wheel and the rail during the running of the train also generates very large temperature stress, which is also a very big safety hazard for the railway transportation. Therefore, we need to perform accurate and effective real-time monitoring of the wheel-rail temperature stress on the track, and infer the faulty wheels and rails to determine the fault based on the monitored real-time temperature stress changes, and take a more reasonable approach according to the corresponding crisis situation. Measures. Because the train is producing changes in temperature during operation, this is not convenient for our testing, and because the wheels of the train are very important during operation, we can only use detection methods that have no influence on the operation of the train. When the column wheel rail temperature changes, a corresponding thermal stress is generated inside the rail wheel rail. The change of the stress is reflected in the surface magnetic field of the ferromagnetic metal. And because the magnetic signal is invisible in the transmission, it will not affect the operation of the train. Therefore, the non-destructive testing of metal magnetic memory is our best choice. 热环境对磁记忆信号的影响ANSYS有限元分析:http://www.chuibin.com/zidonghua/lunwen_205434.html