《老人与海》的听觉叙事研究从音景角度解析“aloud”一词

摘要：《老人与海》中，海明威用了32个 “aloud”反复修饰桑地亚哥的海上独语，聆察桑地亚哥单条音轨，这32个“aloud”的必要性在于，它标示出桑地亚哥占据并扩张海上听觉空间的尝试与失败，进而指向桑地亚哥的三重悲剧。在桑地亚哥与大鱼正面交锋并杀死它的一长段篇幅中，“aloud”消失；在他与鲨鱼搏斗的时候，“aloud”又重新出现，通过多音轨共听，“aloud”的分布调整了桑地亚哥音轨与大鱼、鲨鱼两条音轨间的声音力度对比，奏响了一曲完整而饱满的悲歌。小说通过“aloud”的变动和其他声音力度的剧烈变化，构造出一个宏阔有纵深的立体音景，使得整部悲剧更为肃穆崇高。

关键词：《老人与海》；aloud；音景；悲剧

The Acoustic Narrative Study of The Old Man and the Sea ——the Analysis of “aloud” from the Aspect of the Soundscape

Abstract： The novel “The old man and the sea” uses 32 “aloud” repeatedly to modify Santiago’s words when he was on the sea alone. When we auscultate the single track of Santiago, we find that the necessity of the 32 “aloud” is that, it marked the attempt and failure of Santiago’s occupied and expanding offshore acoustic space, and then pointed out his three tragedies. During the time when Santiago and the big fish were in the confrontation and he killed it, “aloud” disappeared; when he fought with sharks, “aloud” appeared again. Through auscultating the multi tracks, we can find that, the distribution of “aloud” is to adjust the volume dynamics contrast Santiago’s track with two other tracks between fish, shark, and played a complete and full elegy. Dramatic changes by “aloud” and other changes in sound intensity constructed a broad depth three-dimensional soundscape, and made the whole tragedy more solemn and sublime.

Key Words: The Old Man and the Sea；aloud；soundscape；tragedy

摘要 I

Abstract II

目录 III

一、单音轨：听觉空间的占据与扩张 1

（一）听觉空间的占据 2

（二）听觉空间的扩张 3

二、多音轨：悲剧性交响乐 5

（一）分列音轨 5

（二）合成 7

三、结语 12

参考文献 14

一、单音轨：听觉空间的占据与扩张

《老人与海》的主人公桑地亚哥在海上独自漂流的这段时间里，有很多发出声音的自言自语，而且，他发出的声音绝大部分由aloud一词修饰，全篇《老人与海》共计35个aloud，其中，用在直接引语后，作副词修饰said的有32个，(其余的3个用于叙述者对老人大声说话这个现象的介绍与分析，另有一个loud用于桑地亚哥对自己大声说话的评论)。冰山原则下，海明威用词极为精简，他几乎不用其他副词来修饰桑地亚哥的自言自语，而aloud反复在直接引语后出现，这是一个非常特殊的现象，但在已有文献中并未发现对《老人与海》中aloud的专门研究。

文中32个aloud全部用来修饰桑地亚哥在海上的独语，对桑地亚哥海上独语的既往研究着重在两个方面，一个是对桑地亚哥人物形象的研究，关注独语这个动作本身的意义，这方面的研究在处理原文“talk aloud when he was by himself”和“talk aloud, when alone”时，着重突出能够体现孤独的“自言自语”（when he was by himself\when alone），忽略似乎无意义的“大声”（aloud）。有的译本在翻译该处原文时，部分或全部省略了对aloud一词的翻译，有的翻译则未表达出音量，这可能在某种程度上造成了上述的研究倾向。另一方面的研究则放在叙事学上，关注桑地亚哥独语的内容，探讨叙事的双重视角，以及桑地亚哥的自我对话。《老人与海》的听觉叙事研究从音景角度解析“aloud”一词:http://www.chuibin.com/wenxue/lunwen_206512.html