摘要：我国的铝土矿资源主要以高铝、高硅、低铁、难溶的一水硬铝石型铝土矿为主,约占98%。针对我国铝土矿资源特性采用微生物技术进行脱硅，提高铝硅比使之适合拜耳法生产工艺具有重要意义。硅酸盐矿物风化细菌在含有铝土矿的培养基中，能合成有机酸、氨基酸、多糖等各种代谢产物并分泌释放到发酵液中。这些有机物有一定的酸溶作用，能够破坏一水硬铝石晶格结构从而释放出其中的铝、硅，各种代谢产物在铝土矿浸矿过程中具有协同作用。在不同的培养条件下，矿物风化细菌的脱硅效率存在显著差异；因此通过优化培养条件能够显著提高矿物风化细菌的脱硅效率，提高铝土矿的铝硅比。

关键词：铝土矿；细菌；培养基优化；脱硅机制

Optimization of cultural conditions for the highly effective bacterial strains with the ability of desiliconization of bauxite

Abstract： In China, most of bauxite is the diaspore, with high aluminum and silicon, accounting for about 98%. It is of great significance for the Bayer process to increase Al/Si by bio-removal of silicon. When cultured with bauxite, silicate mineral weathering bacterial strains produced organic acids, amino acids, polysaccharides and other metabolites. All of them could acidify the cultural medium, resulting in the destruction of mineral as well as the dissolution of structure elements (such as Si, and Al). All these metabolites cooperated with each other during the process of bioleaching of bauxite. Related studies indicated that, under different cultural conditions, the efficiency of desiliconization form bauxite in the presence of silicate mineral weathering bacteria were very different. It is possible to increase the Al/Si of bauxite by bio-removal of silicon through the optimization of cultural condition for the highly effective mineral weathering bacterial strains.

Key words: Bauxite; Bacteria; Cultural medium optimization; Mechanisms involved in desiliconization

目  录

摘要1

关键词1

Abstract1

Key words1

引言1

1 材料与方法5

1.1 材料 5

1.1.1 供试菌株 5

1.1.2 供试矿物5

1.1.3 培养基 5

1.1.4 主要试剂 5

1.1.5 主要仪器设备 5

1.2 方法 5

1.2.1培养试验5

1. 2. 2发酵液pH值的测定6

1. 2. 3溶液中有效态元素测定6

2 结果与分析6

2.1样品X衍射分析6

2.2样品X射线荧光光谱分析7

2.3菌落的形态学特征7

2.4不同起始pH对细菌风化效果的影响7

2.5不同温度对细菌风化效果的影响8

2.6不同摇床转速对细菌风化效果的影响9

2.7不同装液量对细菌风化效果的影响10

2.8不同碳源对细菌风化效果的影响11

2.9不同氮源对细菌风化效果的影响12

2.10不同碳源浓度对细菌风化效果的影响13

2.11不同氮源浓度对细菌风化效果的影响14

3 讨论 15

致谢16

参考文献17

铝土矿高效脱硅细菌培养条件的优化研究

引言：我国地域辽阔，土壤类型众多，地貌复杂，作物品种多，所有这些都为硅酸盐细菌生物多样性的存在提供了广阔的空间,自然环境下的硅酸盐矿物溶解、迁移和沉淀，离不开硅酸盐细菌的风化和溶蚀作用，利用这种特性，可以对铝土矿的矿样进行预先处理，脱去其中的硅，提高铝的含量，优化铝土矿矿物的品质。从自然界筛选出合适的硅酸盐细菌的菌株，进行选育和优化，探究更合适的培养条件。研究表明，在不同的培养条件下，硅酸盐细菌的脱硅效率有显著的差异。

1. 高效脱硅细菌简介