摘要：三氯卡班（TCC）是一种高效的广谱抗菌剂，因其抗菌效果良好且对皮肤无刺激，同时稳定性较高等优点被广泛加入到个人护理品中（PPCPs）。随着PPCPs的使用和排放，TCC随之进入水体，水体中TCC一般的检出浓度为ng/L-g/L级别。虽然TCC含量较低，但已有研究表明TCC可对藻类生长产生影响，同时造成人体肝细胞DNA损伤。传统的污水处理过程中TCC只可能在吸附沉淀这一过程中被去除，仍有进入到饮用水消毒环节的可能。现我国饮用水消毒的主要方式仍是氯消毒，部分企业采用氯胺。在给水管网中，TCC也可与饮用水中所含有的余氯进行反应。因此，需深入研究TCC在模拟饮用水氯化和氯胺化过程中的反应行为和生成消毒副产物（DBPs）的潜力。本研究对TCC在模拟饮用水氯化和氯胺化过程中的反应行为进行了深入研究。结果发现TCC氯化、氯胺化反应均可用假一级反应动力学模型拟合，当HClO/NH2Cl与TCC的摩尔浓度比为50:1时，氯化和氯胺化的假一级动力学反应常数分别为0.85和0.25 h-1；同时，氯化和氯胺化条件下TCC反应一级动力学常数和氧化剂浓度正相关，说明TCC的氯化和氯胺化遵循二级反应动力学规律，其二级反应表观速率常数分别为0.019和0.005 μM-1h-1。TCC在氯化降解过程中可加氯生成Urea,N, N'-bis(3,4-dichlorophenyl)、通过一个酰胺键断裂，生成3,4-二氯苯胺而后直接被氧化开环，生成CO2和H2O，而在氯胺化过程中则只开环生成CO2和H2O。氯化、氯胺化条件下DBPs的生成趋势均为：CHCl3>TCAA>DCAA。其中，CHCl3在氯化条件下更容易生成；而HAAs在氯化、氯胺化条件下的生成量无明显差别。研究结果对全面了解TCC在饮用水消毒过程中的反应行为，为评价广谱抗菌剂对人体的潜在暴露及向环境排放的危害潜力提供了依据。

关键词：三氯卡班；氯化；氯胺化； 反应动力学；消毒副产物

Chlorination and chloramination of triclocarbon: Kinetics, mechanisms, and formation of disinfection by-products

Abstract: Trichlorocarban (TCC) is an effective broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent. It is widely used in personal care products (PPCPs) because of its good antimicrobial effect, no irritation to skin and high stability. Because of the widespread use and discharge of PPCPs, TCC enters the environment in a continuous manner. The concentration of TCC in the water is reported from ng/L to g/L levels. Although its concentrations in aquatic environment are relatively low, studies have shown that TCC can affect algae growth and cause DNA damage in human hepatocytes. Transformation and removal of TCC in drinking water treatment processes are of concern when contaminated waters are used as drinking water sources. At present, chlorine and chloramine are among the most widely applied water disinfectants world widely. Therefore, this study is designed to investigate the reaction behavior of TCC and contribution to disinfection by-products formation in simulating chlorination and chloramination processes. It was found that chlorination and chloramination of TCC could be well fitted by pseudo first-order reaction kinetic model in neutral and alkaline conditions. When the molar ratio of HClO/NH2Cl to TCC is 50:1, the first-order kinetic rate constants of chlorination and chlorination were 0.85 and 0.25h-1, respectively. Meanwhile, the pseudo first-order kinetic constants of TCC reaction and the chlorine/chloramine concentrations were linearly correlated, indicating that chlorination and chlorination of TCC followed the second-order reaction kinetics. The apparent rate constants of the secondary reactions were 0.019and 0.005 μM-1h-1, respectively. During chlorination degradation, TCC can chlorinate to Urea, N, N'-bis(3,4-dichlorophenyl), break an amide bond to 3,4-dichloroaniline and then be oxidized to CO2 and H2O, while in the process of chloramination, TCC only oxidized to CO2 and H2O . GC-ECD was used to detect the disinfection by-products (DBPs), and it was found that the formation trends of DBPs under chlorination and chlorination conditions were: CHCl3>TCAA>DCAA. Among them, CHCl3 was more easily formed by chlorination; however, there is no significant difference in the formation of HAAs by chlorination and chlorination. These results provide a basis for comprehensively understanding the reaction behavior of TCC in water disinfection processes, and for evaluating the potential exposure of TCC to human bodies.  三氯卡班的氯化氯胺化降解：反应动力学反应机理及消毒副产物:http://www.chuibin.com/huaxue/lunwen_206225.html