浅谈经营者的安全保障义务

摘要：2009年我国侵权法首次将经营者的安全保障义务规定为法定义务，明确了规定了安全保障义务的在侵权法中地位，为安全保障义务提供了侵权法上的依据，随后合同法等其他法律也将其纳入保护范围，而现实社会中往往会发生第三人在经营者的经营场所对场所中的人侵权的较为复杂的情况，在后续审判中如何划定经营者安全保障义务范围？怎样判断经营者是否违反安全保障义务？谁应负经营者有错的举证责任？经营者与第三人在责任承担之间是何种关系？通过研究第三人侵权后经营者的安全保障义务的立法现状及制度沿革、法理依据、性质和构成要件，兼顾立法者的本意，对学界的争论点进行评说，并提出自己的观点，为文中所提出的建议增加其实践性与可行性。

In 2009, China’s Tort Law provided for the first time the operator’s safety and security obligations as a statutory obligation, clearly stipulated the status of safety and security obligations in the tort law, and provided the basis for the tort law on safety and security obligations, followed by other laws such as the contract law. It is also included in the scope of protection. In reality, it often happens that the third party infringes on the people in the business premises of the operator in a more complex situation. How to define the range of security protection obligations of the operator in the follow-up trial? How to judge whether operators violate security obligations? And the distribution of burden of proof? What is the relationship between the operator and the third party in the responsibility? Through studying the legislative status quo, system evolution, legal basis, nature, and constituent elements of the third party infringement of the operator’s security obligations, taking into consideration the intention of the legislator, commenting on issues of debate in the academic circle and presenting his own views as the text. The proposed proposal increases its practicality and feasibility.

关键词：第三人侵权；法定义务；补充赔偿责任；责任竞合

Keyword: Third party infringement； Legal obligation； Supplementary liability；Consistency of liability

引言 3

一、概述 4

（一）理论渊源 4

（二）概念 5

（三）性质 5

二、违反安全保障义务的责任认定与承担 6

（一）安全保障义务的内容 6

（二）责任类型 7

三、立法现状及建议 8

（一）合理范围限度的认定 8

（二）归责时采用过错推定原则，实行举证责任倒置 8

四、结语 9

参考文献 9

致谢 10

引言

2009年我国侵权法首次将经营者的安全保障义务规定为法定义务，明确了规定了安全保障义务的在侵权法中地位，为安全保障义务提供了侵权法上的依据，随后合同法等其他法律也将其纳入保护范围，而现实社会中往往会发生第三人在经营者的经营场所对场所中的人侵权的较为复杂的情况，在后续审判中如何划定经营者安全保障义务范围？怎样判断经营者是否违反安全保障义务？谁应负经营者有错的举证责任？经营者与第三人在责任承担之间是何种关系？所以通过研究第三人侵权后经营者的安全保障义务的立法现状及制度沿革、法理依据、性质和构成要件具有其必要性和重要性。浅谈经营者的安全保障义务:http://www.chuibin.com/faxue/lunwen_206534.html