摘  要：乐府旧题《短歌行》是乐府相和歌“平调曲”的曲目之一，古辞已失传，现存最早的作品为曹操拟作。《短歌行》在汉唐时期多有拟作，其主题、诗歌体式和艺术手法都随着时代的前进而发展。《短歌行》的主题初经曹操创制包含着人生短暂的忧思，而后由陆机生发出及时行乐与欢宴亲友的含义。唐代的大量拟作在继承其主题的同时有所变化，增添了人生蹉跎、世事变幻、死生同一等含义。《短歌行》作品在诗歌体式和艺术手法两个方面的发展呈现出明显的阶段性。诗歌体式在魏晋南北朝时期以四言为主，隋唐时期以五、七言为主，也多杂言。艺术手法方面，魏晋南北朝多师法《诗经》，化用《诗经》语句，使用赋、比、兴的表现手法，而隋唐时期则不再化用《诗经》语句，手法也渐趋多样。《短歌行》作品的发展演变在总体上展示出作为乐府旧题之一的《短歌行》从与音乐紧密联系到辞乐分离，冲破束缚，获得诗体上的独立性的过程。

关键词：乐府古题《短歌行》；主题；诗歌体式；艺术手法；发展演变

The Development of Duangexing from Han Dynasty to Tang Dynasty

Abstract：Duangexing is one of Xianghe song in “Ping Melody” of Yuefu. The initial version of Duangexing has been lost. So Caocao’s Duangexing is the earliest poetry that we can read today. Duangexing was continually created by the following poets from Han Dynasty to Tang Dynasty. With time passing by, the theme, style and means of artistic expression of Duangexing developed. The theme of Caocao’s Duangexing contains the meaning that life is short and time passes so fast. The theme of Luji’s Duangexing contains the meaning that life is so short that we should enjoy pleasure in good time and taking banquets with friends. There are many works of Duangexing in Tang Dynasty. The theme of these works contains not only the main meanings of Caocao’s and Luji’s Duangexing but some new meanings just like the waste of life, changes of the world and the oneness of life and death. The development of Duangexing’s style and means of artistic expression has great difference between Wei-jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties and Sui-tang Dynasties. Most works of Duangexing in Wei-jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties were Four-word Poems while most works of Duangexing in Sui-tang Dynasties were Five-word Poems, Seven-word Poems or Mixed Poems. Most works of Duangexing in Wei-jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties take the means of artistic expression which called ‘Fu’, ‘Bi ‘and ‘Xing’, imitating the Book of Songs. Works of Duangexing in Sui-tang Dynasties took many means of artistic expression. The development of Duangexing represents how Duangexing got rid of the fetters of music and gained the poetic independence.

Key Words: Duangexing；theme；style；means of artistic expression；development 

目  录

摘要-I

Abstract-Ⅱ

目录Ⅲ

一、主题的继承与新变-1

二、诗歌体式的发展演变5

三、艺术手法的发展演变8

四、发展演变的总脉络10

参考文献11 

汉唐时期，乐府旧题《短歌行》多有拟作。据郭茂倩《乐府诗集》记载有曹操、陆机、白居易等16位诗人写作了共计24首《短歌行》，其中最早的《短歌行》作品是曹操的《短歌行》。关于《短歌行》在汉唐时期的发展演变的特点，王传飞先生在其博士论文《相和歌辞研究》中有所论述，但其重点在于展示相和歌辞的整体发展，对《短歌行》的论述较为零散，没有就《短歌行》的发展演变作具体探讨。 以前文为基础，本文结合相关文献，梳理汉唐时期的《短歌行》作品，采用“比较研究”的方法，探讨汉唐时期的《短歌行》在主题、诗歌体式和艺术手法方面的演变，力求展现出其发展演变的脉络。 论汉唐时期乐府古题《短歌行》的发展演变:http://www.chuibin.com/wenxue/lunwen_206424.html