摘    要：在本文针对松花江河的管理问题进行研究的过程中，运用了多目标规划、模拟退火法、仿真模型、流体力学等方法确定6个大坝的位置和水策略应用情况。

在问题一中，首先对成本和效益的各项指标进行了分析。在效益方面，本文主要分析了防洪收入，灌溉收入，发电收入和旅游收入等。在成本方面，本文主要分析劳动力成本，材料成本，磨损成本，移民成本和环境修复成本等。运用层次分析法确定了权重，并基于已设定的基数，使用加权平均法计算得到三种方案的成本和效益：

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在问题二中，对原大坝的整体水管理能力进行了分析，并将它分成三个部分：水功能，水利用和水保护。从这三个方面确定了新建大坝的约束条件，使得新建大坝能为丰满水坝提供相同或更高层次的保护和水资源管理。之后，为使安全性与成本达到一个合理的平衡状态，建立了安全性的目标函数： 以及成本的目标函数： 。然后，使用模拟退火法计算得到了最优解：需要建立的水坝数量为6个，最佳水落差值为90.38米。在结合当地的水文特征和地貌形势，根据水落差值确定了最终的新大坝的位置，且在地图上做出了标记。

在问题三中，本文针对极端情况（洪水）给出了应急策略，并运用仿真模型对大坝建成后的洪水情况进行模拟。根据仿真结果，对不建造大坝、原大坝和新大坝三种情况下水流量随时间的变化图进行对比分析，证明了所建立的新大坝在应对极端水流情况方面比原大坝更佳。最终，本文确定了极端水流情况下的水流控制情况：在上游位置应尽量采用开闸控制水流量，中游和下游的开闸情况则逐渐降低。

关键词：水坝修建； 多目标规划； 仿真模型； 水策略

Summary：In the process of studying the problem of the management in the Songhua River.  We identify the location of 6 dams and water strategy applications by using the method of Multi-objective programming, Simulated annealing method, Simulation model and Fluid mechanics.

    We analyze the indicators of cost and benefit in the first problem. In terms of efficiency, we mainly analyzed the flood control income, irrigation income, power generation income and tourism income, etc. In terms of cost, we mainly analyze labor costs, material costs, wear costs, immigration costs and environmental restoration costs, etc. By using the analytic hierarchy process，we finally determine the weights. Based on the value what we set, we can use the weighted average method to calculate the cost and benefit of the three options:

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    In the second problem, we analyze the overall water management capacities of the existing dam and pide it into three parts: water function, water utilization and water protection. The constraints of new dams are determined from these three aspects, so that the new dam can provide the same or greater levels of protection and water management options for Fengman Dam. For the purpose of achieving a reasonable balance between security and cost, we establish the objective function of security: , and the cost objective function:  . Then, we use the simulated annealing method to calculate the optimal solution: the number of dams to be established is 6, and the number of water drop is 90.38 m. Combined with the local hydrological and geomorphic conditions, we determine the location of the final new dam according the number of water drop and marked it in the map.

    In the third problem, we provide contingency strategies for extreme cases (flood), and then we use the simulation model to simulate the flood situation after the completion of the dam. According to the simulation results, we analysis and compare the time-dependent change of water flow with the three cases of natural condition, original dam and new dam, which is proved that the new dam is better than the original dam in dealing with extreme water flow. Finally, we determined the flow control in the case of extreme water flow:In the upstream position, gate opening should be used to control water flow, the midstream and downstream reaches of the gate opening situation is gradually reduced.  丰满水坝修建问题的相关研究:http://www.chuibin.com/shuxue/lunwen_205878.html