Abstract：Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864) was one of the most significant and influential romantic novelists of the American Renaissance in the 19th century. The Scarlet Letter, published in 1805, is one of his most famous masterpieces. Great literary works often have great purposes. People try to interpret Hawthorne's feminist view by analyzing this novel. 

Hawthorne's contradictory and flawed feminist view in his novels is mainly influenced by his family background and social background. First of all, Hawthorne took Hester as the protagonist of the story was a great breakthrough in the patriarchal society at that time, and he made Hester into an intelligent, courageous, tenacious woman in the novel. Obviously, he has clearly recognized women's unfair status in the society. He believed that women should enjoy corresponding social status, not just men's foil. However, this kind of consciousness is not always constant. With the further development of the story, readers can clearly see that Hawthorne's feminine consciousness has fallen into a dilemma. This change is mainly reflected in the author's role in shaping Hester as a “marginal person”. She is a person isolated by society. Eventually, at the end of the story, Hawthorne chooses to make Hester return to the traditional society. At that time, we can see the influence of Puritanism on Hawthorne's awakening of feminist consciousness. Therefore, I think that this is a game between puritanism and feminism in Hawthorne's mind. It is also Hawthorne's reflection on the prevailing feminist movement. Therefore, I think Hawthorne's feminism reflected in the scarlet letter is influenced by the Puritan tradition in her cognition. In the book, Hawthorne's cognition of feminism and Puritanism has been at a stage of conflict.

Key words: Nathaniel Hawthorne; The Scarlet Letter; feminism; puritanism; conflict

解读《红字》中清教主义对霍桑女性主义的影响

摘  要：纳撒尼尔·霍桑是19世纪美国文艺复兴时期最重要和最有影响力的浪漫小说家之一。《红字》出版于1805年，是他最著名的杰作之一。伟大的文学作品往往具有伟大的目的，因此，人们试图通过对这本小说的分析，解读霍桑当时的女性主义观点。

霍桑在小说中表现出来的矛盾和徘徊的女性主义观主要是受到其家庭背景和社会背景的影响。首先，霍桑把海斯特这个女性角色作为整个故事的主角，这一点对当时的父系社会而言就是一个巨大的冲击，并且他在小说中把海斯特塑造成了一位聪慧、勇敢、顽强的女性。很显然，霍桑已经清楚地认识到女性不公平的社会地位。他认为女性应该享有相应的社会地位，而不只是男性的附属品。但是，他的这种意识并不是始终不变的，随着故事的深入发展，读者可以清楚地看到霍桑的女性意识陷入了一个比较尴尬的境况。这种变化主要体现在作者把海斯特塑造成了“边缘人”这样的角色，她是被社会隔离的人。最后，在故事的结尾，霍桑又选择了让海斯特回归于传统社会。到这个时候，我们可以看到清教主义对霍桑女性主义意识觉醒的影响力。所以，我认为霍桑在《红字》中表现出来的女性主义是受到其认知中的清教传统的影响。在这本书中，霍桑的女性主义和清教主义认知一直处于一个矛盾冲突的阶段。

关键词：霍桑；《红字》；女性主义；清教主义；冲突 

Contents

1. Introduction 1

1.1 Researches both at Home and Abroad 1

2. Formation of Hawthorne’s Feminist Idea 解读《红字》中清教主义对霍桑女性主义的影响:http://www.chuibin.com/yingyu/lunwen_206631.html