摘要：随着社会的不断发展 ，人们开发和利用生态资源的需求日益剧增 ，使生态环 境逐步趋向恶化 ，生态环境问题成为了全球发展不可忽略的问题 。改革开放使我 国的工、农业迅速的发展 ，但也不可避免的在发展过程中由于人为因素对生态环境 产生了巨大影响。这也警醒人们必须要重新审视生态环境问题 ,分析生态环境的复 杂程度，用科学合理的方法了解和解决生态环境问题，生态环境的重要性必须要被 人们充分认识到。面对生态环境的保护问题,我们必须了解受影响的生态环境状况 的演化趋势以及对生态环境存在的威胁，以便及时作出应对，设计出一种符合实际 的生态环境监测系统。
结合实际情况 ，本文提出了以 AT89C52 为核心的生态环境监测系统的设计方案。 主要是对生态环境中各个参数利用相应的传感器对各参数进行检测 ,检测到的数据 可以实时显示，并且将数据传送至单片机 ，单片机对数据进行处理并将处理之后的 数据以串口通信的方式传送至上位机；上位机接收到数据后使用 LabVIEW 软件对数 据分类进行分析处理 ，直观的显示于系统前面板，并且将数据实时储存在数据库中 以供提取历史生态环境状况 。
实时监测生态环境中的湿度 、温度 、PM2.5 等参数是本系统开发的主要任务。 本文分别从下位机检测系统的硬件模块、软件以及上位机监控系统部分进行了详述。
下位机的检测系统涉及到了多种检测参数的传感器元件、显示器以及单片机微 处理器。由这些涉及到的硬件，我们开发设计了单片机微控制器控制的各参数传感 器用于检测生态环境参数的检测模块，用于显示检测数据的显示模块以及上下位机 之间用于数据通信的 RS 232 串口通信模块。在检测系统设计硬件模块的同时，还 通过使用 keil 软件对下位机各个硬件模块设计了相应的软件程序。
上位机监测系统主要使用基于 LabVIEW 图形化编程语言设计上位机程序，编写 的上位机程序主要用于读取串口数据，对数据进行分析显示、设限报警。除此之外 还建立了生态环境监测系统后台数据库，对检测到的数据进行实时保存。对人机交 互界面作了精心设计使其具有实用性、美观性。
关键字：虚拟仪器；单片机；传感器；LabVIEW；串口通信。
Abstract：With the continuous development of social economy, the development and utilization of ecological resources has been increasing day by day, the ecological environment has gradually deteriorated, and the ecological and environmental problems have become a problem that can not be neglected in global development. Since the reform and opening up in China, the rapid development of agriculture and agriculture has also had a great impact on the ecological environment in the course of development due to human factors. It also reminds people to rethink the ecological environment, analyze the complexity of the ecological environment, and use scientific and reasonable methods to understand and solve the ecological and environmental problems. People must recognize the importance of the ecological environment for human development. In order to protect the ecological environment, we must respond to the evolution trend and unknown hidden danger of the ecological environment affected by social development, and develop a set of effective ecological environment monitoring system.
Based on the reading of a large number of literatures, this paper puts forward the design scheme of ecological environment parameter monitoring system with AT89C52 as the core. Mainly on the ecological environment of the various parameters of the use of the corresponding sensor to detect the parameters, the data can be detected intuitively, and the data sent to the microcontroller after processing through serial communication to the host computer; host computer using LabVIEW Software programming for multiple groups of data classification analysis and processing, intuitive display in the system front panel, and real-time data stored in the database for the extraction of historical ecological environment. LabVIEW的生态环境监测系统开发+源程序:http://www.chuibin.com/tongxin/lunwen_206539.html