超宽带相控阵天线研究

摘要：天线是通信系统中必不可少的组成部件，随着系统多功能化的发展趋势，人们对天线的设计也提出了更加严格的要求，比如小型化、宽频带等。因此，最近几年小型化的宽带天线阵列研究是国内外关于天线领域研究的重要课题。传统宽带天线阵列受限于阵元耦合的影响，很难进一步拓宽带宽，而基于紧耦合的阵列天线近几年逐渐兴起，适应了宽频带和小型化的设计需求。因此，本文设计了一款基于强耦合的宽带平衡对跖 Vivaldi 天线阵列（Balanced Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna，BAVA），该阵列单元尺寸为 7.71*10mm，因此天线剖面很低，同时阵列通过 50 带状线直接馈电，不需要匹配网络或巴伦转换。

该阵列在 3-18GHz 的工作频带内驻波比 VSWR<2.5，当阵列 45扫描时，VSWR<3。另一方面，传统的天线设计主要依赖天线工程师的经验，使得对于天线的设计与优化耗费时间过长，存在着大量重复性工作，为此，本文还探讨了一种新的天线设计与优化方案，将遗传算法（Genetic Algorithm，GA）与 HFSS 仿真计算相结合，实现了 Python 和 HFSS 的联合仿真。

关键词超宽带,相控阵,强耦合,遗传算法

毕业设计说明书外文摘要

Title Research on Ultra-wideband Phased Array Antenna

Abstract:Antenna is an indispensable component of the communication system. With the increasing demands for multi-functional devices, people have put forward more stringent requirements, such as miniaturization, wide band and so on. Therefore, the research on miniaturization of broadband antenna has bee an important topic in the field of antenna in recent years. The traditional broadband antenna array is limited by the influence of the element coupling, and it is difficult to further widen the bandwidth. The tightly coupled antenna array is gradually springing up , which adapts to the wideband and miniaturized design requirements. Consequently, this thesis designs a broadband antenna based on strong coupling called Balanced Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna（BAVA）. The size of the element is 7.71*10mm, which

allows an ultra-thin array profile. The elements are fed directly by a 50  stripline. No matching network or balun circuitry is needed. The array works from

3GHz to 18GHz and achieves a VSWR < 2.5 across the entire bandwidth. When it scans at 45, the VSWR < 3. At the same time, the traditional antenna design relies mainly on the experience of the antenna engineer, which makes the design and optimization take too long and there exists much repetitive work. According to that, the paper also discusses a new antenna design and optimization scheme, which combines genetic algorithm (GA) with HFSS and realizes the joint simulation of Python and HFSS.

Keywords ultra-wideband antenna, phased array, tightly-coupled array, genetic algorithm

1 绪论 1

1.1 课题研究背景 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 2

1.2.1 基于互耦的超宽带相控阵研究现状 2

1.2.2 基于遗传算法的天线设计研究现状 4

1.3 本文结构安排 5

2 强耦合相控阵列天线理论基础 7

2.1 超宽带相控阵天线研究:http://www.chuibin.com/tongxin/lunwen_205570.html